It is for the Biblical “STORY”, “THE NARRATIVE”, “THE PLAY”, and REALITY, etc…that “ATONEMENT” created the ***SENSE***.by which atonement was necessary— and actually agreed with neighboring Middle Eastern cultures concerning “sacrifice”.

From the earliest stirrings of human consciousness, humankind has engaged in tribal and societal participation. Whether or not such participation aligned perfectly with contemporary standards of science, astronomy, or botany is not my primary concern. What matters is the indisputable fact that these peoples elicited genuine meaning from their participatory engagement with the world.

The libation bowl, known in Greek as phiale (φιάλη), emerges in the archaeological recordaround 2500–2200 BC during the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age in the Aegean. The earliest examples—clay, stone, and occasionally metal—come from Minoan Crete and the Cyclades islands. These were shallow, wide-mouthed vessels, often featuring a central omphalos (a raised boss) for thumb-grip during pouring.

The story of Job was initially a pre-Biblical-Mesopotamian story. The account of Job, or “Ayub”/ “Iyob”/ stood the test of time before landing into the canon of the Old Testament. The same message we find in the book of Job is found all throughout Mesopotamia.